Materials for the floating docks
floating docks materials are mainly cement, wood, composite deck three kinds. Among them, cement and wood (specially treated anticorrosive wood) are the most commonly used materials for the construction of floating docks, and composite deck profile is a new environmental protection material just developed and used abroad. Each of these three materials has its own advantages:
Concrete material floating docks has the advantages of high strength, high durability, high volume stability, high energy absorption ability, impermeability, simple molding and moderate price. However, in the process of using cement, there will be small sand particles fall off, stick to the sole of the shoe, resulting in scratches on the deck of the yacht and other floor wear, the appearance of the color is mainly gray, monotonous color.
Viewed from the outside, wood has a congenital grain, especially the large shape of wood grain is incomparable to other materials at present. In the use of customers reflect, the highest evaluation of wood, and in line with the majority of consumer views, natural environmental protection.
Composite deck profile is mainly composed of high density polyethylene (HDPE), glass fiber, filling material UV protection additives, etc., the service life of 25 years, recyclable, in line with environmental protection requirements, the comprehensive performance of the relevant national standards and specifications. Composite deck profiles can be customized according to customer requirements color, now mainly imitation wood, compared with log effect has a certain gap.
In terms of manufacturing cost, cement is the lowest (500-800 yuan/square meter), but the transportation and maintenance costs are higher. The cost of wood is slightly higher than cement (800-1000 yuan/per square meter), transportation and maintenance costs are lower than cement, composite deck is about 15% higher than wood into wood (1200-1500 yuan/per square meter), transportation and maintenance costs are the same. Based on the above cost performance and foreign floating docks materials (80% wood), from the yacht floating docks engineering beauty, durability, cost performance and other factors combined with the current domestic actual situation, development trend, wood is one of the best choices.
The structure of the floating docks
The yacht floating docks is mainly composed of embankment, fixed slope, movable ladder, main passage floating floating docks, branch floating floating docks, positioning pile, water supply, power supply system, ship, upstream and downstream ramp, lifting device, etc.
Embankment: reinforced concrete casting, masonry or other structural construction;
Movable ladder: steel structure hinge device embedded in connection. Steel structure ladder: the main beam structure is made of hot-rolled channel steel, and the handrails are connected with square steel pipes or round pipes to increase the load. The ladder surface is laid with anti-corrosion wooden boards. The movable ladder is connected with the embankment by hinges, and the movable ladder is connected with the floating floating docks by movable pulley. The steel plate is laid in the bearing area of the pulley, and the steel structure skeleton of the floating floating docks is strengthened to increase the bearing area.
Main (branch) floating floating docks: mainly composed of three parts/floating box (buoyancy part), stressed steel structure (link and load main body), walkway (wooden skeleton and wooden floor).
Positioning pile: there are mainly prefabricated concrete pipe pile, steel pile, castin pile, wooden pile and so on.
Water supply, power supply system, water supply with PP plastic pipe; Flexible connection, power supply using Marine cable, special waterproof plug.
Larger floating dockss generally require fixed pilings, support facilities, approach Bridges and revetments. The floating docks generally adopts glass fiber reinforced plastic as a whole. For waters with little change in water level, floating floating docks structure can be designed to make it rise and fall with the rise and fall of water level. The distance between the berth deck at the front of the floating docks and the water level basically remains unchanged. floating docks equipment includes mooring equipment (such as mooring column, mooring ring), anti-impact equipment (such as protective wood, rubber anti-impact equipment), safety equipment (standby equipment, fire supplies, emergency materials), water and electricity supply equipment, etc.
floating docks site selection
The site selection of the floating docks should be considered comprehensively according to the comprehensive situation of the ship type, topography, geology, earthquake, hydrology, water area and land conditions. It is suitable to choose the floating docks in the river section, riverside or coastal zone with good geological conditions and stable bank slope. The water is smooth and deep enough; The land area has sufficient length and depth of shoreline, leaving enough space for the layout of the forward working area, including dry silo (land storage for yachts) road, club function area, repair and maintenance site, etc. floating docks generally should not be selected in the bridge head or river mouth downstream prone to siltation area, so as not to raise the project investment costs, causing inconvenience to navigation.
Choice of location:
Before designing a floating docks, the first thing to do is to choose a good geographical location, mainly traffic conditions, water environment and surrounding environment. The size, current and water level of the water body should be considered. The large water surface should be located in the bay to avoid the impact of wind and waves, so as to facilitate the docking of ships; Small water should choose a more open place; The body of water with high velocity should avoid the positive impact of the river on the hull. The yacht floating docks should be located in the coastal area with beautiful natural landscape. The water quality, wave condition and geological condition determine the feasibility of construction. Environmental conditions should be selected in a place with more convenient transportation, preferably close to an entrance and exit, the location is obvious, pay attention to the influence of wind, sunshine and other meteorological factors on the floating docks, and pay attention to the use of seasonal wind direction, avoid tuyair inconvenient boat docking and summer high temperature, avoid the sunset low incidence Angle light reflected on the water surface, strong irritation to visitors’ eyes, the use of cruise ships is very inconvenient.
Harbour cover requirements:
Tidal current, water level and wave height are all factors that affect the stability of berthing in the yacht harbor. In addition to determining the tide speed and the highest and lowest water level in the flood period, the height of the wave should be considered in the design of the yacht floating docks. For the usual passenger and cargo terminals, the allowable berthing wave height is generally 1.0-2.0m, and the wind is less than or equal to level 9. But for the yacht floating docks, the wave height is generally controlled between 0.1-0.3m, and the yacht harbor must meet the appropriate degree of smoothness, and the waters in the harbor should try to avoid wave reflection or take measures to reduce the wave. From the point of view of the wave resistance ability of the floating floating docks structure and the strength of the yacht itself, the allowable wave height (H) of the floating docks anchoring stability is 0.5m.
Construction scale:
The size of the floating docks varies from dozens of berths to thousands of berths, generally between 300 and 1 000. The cost of a floating docks depends on the number of berths. The more berths, the higher the cost will be, and the pier will lose its individuality. In view of the current number and consumption of yachts, it is generally recommended to build a floating docks with less than 500 berths.
For scenic spots, the water surface is generally large, and the waterway has become the main traffic viewing line. Generally, 3-4 boat piers are planned (the number can be determined flexibly according to the size and type of scenic spots). The selected points are generally near the main scenic spots, so as to facilitate visitors to reach the scenic spots by waterway. At the same time, there should be a certain distance between each point of the floating docks, which is generally controlled within 1KM. At the same time, there should be convenient contact with other scenic spots. The place where the wind and waves are relatively calm should be chosen instead of facing the main wind direction, so as to reduce the erosion of the floating docks by the wind and waves and the convenience of landing ships.
For the city park, the water is generally small, generally according to the size of the water design 1-2 boat pier, pay attention to the choice of wider water, in order to prevent visitors from walking back, more close to an entrance, and should have a far-reaching view line, wide vision, considerable scenery, at the same time pay attention to the choice of the point in convenient viewing at the same time should also be a good scenic spot.
General layout of floating docks
The overall layout of the floating docks is mainly carried out according to the actual requirements of the floating docks planning berth, future development requirements, regional natural conditions and so on. The layout requirements ensure the overall safety, convenience and use efficiency of the yacht floating docks.
Design ship size:
Mainly determine the size of yachts owned by other yacht clubs around the current and the future development trend of yachts. From the current state of the yacht, mainly small and medium-sized boats (between 6 and 18 meters), buy large yachts (18 meters above) after all, a small number of people.
Water facility layout:
- The functional waters in the yacht harbor include harbor pool, mooring waters, channel, roundabout waters, etc. Taking into account the characteristics of the use of the yacht, the above functional waters generally do not consider tide.
- The direction and position design of the breakwater mouth should fully consider the influence of constant wind direction, wave, tide and sediment movement, pay attention to avoid the yacht by the effect of transverse waves, and take into account that small sailing boats can not head straight forward, the direction of the door and the constant wind direction should be maintained at 45. Ninety. The Angle between theta and theta.
- Channel width usually refers to the width of the inlet channel, namely the bottom width of the channel section. In the design, the influence of natural conditions such as wind, wave, tidal current (current) and sediment flow along the coast on the safe entry and exit of yachts should be fully considered. Meanwhile, the width, sailing speed and sailing performance of yachts should be considered, and the design should be based on the two-way channel.
- The diameter of roundabout waters shall be determined by 2.0 ~ 2.5 times the length of the design, and 50m in general.
Common form of mooring floating docks
Revetment type
If the park water is not large, often combined with the pool wall construction, vertical shore layout; The larger park water surface can be arranged parallel to the pool wall; If there is a large difference between the water level and the pool bank, the layout can be combined with steps and platforms. 2.2 The outstretched type is used for scenic spots with large water surface. The floating docks can be directly extended into the water without revetment, so as to widen the distance between the pond bank and the ship docking and increase the water depth, which is a better way to save construction costs.
Float type
It is especially suitable for scenic spots with large water level changes such as reservoir scenic spots. The cruise ship dock can adapt to different water levels and always maintain a proper height with the water surface, so the management is more convenient.
